Cartoon of Chris Cary by Terry Willers (courtesy of Sybil Fennell).
After testing for several days, at midnight on 9th November 1987, a new station began broadcasting continuous CD music on 100 FM in Dublin. On 18th November, the station announced itself as the ‘New Radio Nova’, rocking the Dublin pirate scene as it approached its final golden year of 1988. It was an ironic coincidence that the Minister for Communications, Ray Burke, published his new Broadcasting and Wireless Telegraphy Bill and Sound Broadcasting Bill the following day, 19th November, aimed at closing down the pirates and introducing licensed local radio. On 25th November came another dramatic announcement as existing station Energy 103 announced that it was merging with the new Radio Nova in light of the impending broadcasting legislation. The merged station was called Nova Power 103 FM and founder of the original Nova, Chris Cary (RIP), was involved, ostensibly as a consultant. This was to the consternation of many in Dublin who had been burned by Cary’s brash managerial style, particularly advertisers who lost money after the collapse of the station in 1986 and journalists and their union involved in the bitter industrial relations dispute with Nova.
In line with the new legislation, Nova Power 103 promised plenty of news and current affairs and revived the Dublin Today programme that was aired on the original Radio Nova. However, the new name was short-lived, when the receiver of Nova Media Services, Pearse Farrell, sought an interlocutory injunction preventing use of the Nova brand. According to Peter Mulryan in Radio Radio (1988), Farrell was also concerned about some activities of the bankrupt company and did not want to allow Cary to use the high-profile Nova name with licences in the offing. Within a few weeks, Nova Power 103 had reverted to Energy 103, which continued to broadcast until 11th March 1988.
This recording of Nova Power 103 was made on its first day and features an interview with Chris Cary on the Dublin Today programme, discussing his plans for the new station. Presenters of Dublin Today are Sybil Fennell and Teena Gates, and news at 1900 is read by Lisa Moore (Fionnuala Sweeney, who would later join RTÉ and CNN). The recording is from the Anoraks Ireland Collection and was made from 100 FM between 1850-1905 on 25th November 1987.
Chris Cary during the Nova International days (courtesy Sybil Fennell)
In spring 1988, Radio Nova founder Chris Cary (RIP) began yet another innovative radio experiment, this time on satellite from Surrey in England. Radio Nova International was a licensed satellite station on Intelsat VA F11 but remained connected to the Irish pirate radio scene through AM/FM relays on the other side of the Irish Sea. The station began testing at 1450 on 29th April 1988 with Cary being the first voice heard on air. Ex-Energy 103 DJ Tim Kelly presented the first show and another familiar name from Ireland was Liam Quigley, who had broadcast on pirates in Cork and Dublin. Veteran offshore DJ Tony Blackburn, then working with London’s Capital Radio, was to present a European Top 40 show and a soul programme. Radio Nova International was officially launched at 1900 on 4th May by none other than the Minister of State for Broadcasting. Reportedly, Cary had invested £1m in the new service, which was aimed at all Europe.
A special report in the Anoraks UK Weekly Report of 22nd May 1988 explained the novelty of satellite radio to readers: ‘The transmissions are microlinked from the studios in Surrey, England, to the Telecom Tower in London’s West End. From there, they are beamed directly to Docklands, British Telecom’s Teleport, where the signal is uplinked to the satellite Intelsat VA F11, in geo-stationery orbit 26,000 miles above the earth. The satellite re-broadcasts Nova (and the others) back to earth. At this point, satellite dish owners can tune in’. It added that alternative ways to tuning in were ‘being lucky enough to be on the cable system’ or living ‘in the listening area of a radio station taking Nova for all or part of the day and re-broadcasting it locally. It is thought that many Irish stations may invest in a satellite dish and relay Nova, inserting their own adverts in opt-out advert spaces, and leaving Nova’s national adverts in’.
Advert for Radio Nova International in Weekly Report, 14.08.88
Many top names from the radio world were hired by Cary to work on Radio Nova International. News bulletins were syndicated from Independent Radio News and a mailing address of PO Box 1065, London W2 was announced on air. The format was aimed at 15-39 year olds and described by Weekly Report as CHR (contemporary hit radio). The 29th May 1988 edition of Weekly Report had strong praise for Radio Nova International: ‘This station is hypnotic, get a satellite dish at once! The programmes, listened to extensively on Tuesday, were excellent, well produced and fast moving’. At that time, the line-up included Chris Cary himself, Declan Meehan, Tony Blackburn and Liam Quigley and numerous adverts were noted for large firms such as Teledisk, Premier Film Channel, Sunday World, Comp Shop and hi-tech companies. ‘Half the excitement of the station comes from wondering who is going to appear next’, Weekly Report added.
In the edition of 26th June 1988, Weekly Report noted that Coast Hot Hits in Galway was the first Irish station to relay the satellite Nova, followed by ABC Waterford. ILR stations in the UK were also using the Nova Night Network as overnight programming, with 15 such stations predicted to be doing so in the near future. A promo for a £10,000 giveaway was also aired around this time, prompting a comparison with the big competitions of the early 1980s by the original Radio Nova in Dublin.
A change in the Nova line-up was noted in the Weekly Report of 14th August. Tony Blackburn was forced to leave Nova due to contractual obligations at Capital Radio. Pat Courtenay also joined the station having spent several years in Ireland. It was noted that many stations in Ireland were by then relaying the Nova Night Network, including ABC Radio, Coast Hot Hits, Southside 95 (Dún Laoghaire) and Liberty 104. Following the demise of Southside 95 in autumn 1988, the transmitter continued to relay Radio Nova 24 hours a day, thereby returning the familiar and popular Nova sound to the listeners of Dublin for the last few months of the pirate era. The relay continued right up to midnight on New Year’s Eve 1988 when the pirate airwaves fell silent.
This recording of Radio Nova International was made close to the end of its Dublin relay and features station owner and founder Chris Cary on air. There are many references to other stations carrying Nova in other parts of the UK as well as in Ireland and Norway and among the adverts are one for Dublin’s Tivoli Theatre. Familiar voices on adverts include Sybil Fennell and Pat Courtenay and the classic Nova jingles are also used. The tape was made from the Southside 95 relay on 94.9 FM between 0002-0048 on Saturday 17th December 1988 and is from the Anoraks Ireland Collection.
In episode #6 of the Pirate.ie podcast, we analyse the politics and economics of Irish pirate radio from 1978-1988. The pirates emerged because of the political failure to develop diversity in radio and became a thorn in the side of the authorities, especially from the early 1980s with the arrival of high-powered, professional operators.
Sunshine Review 1985 (DX Archive). Sunshine raised a lot of money for the Central Remedial Clinic in Dublin.
Many stations practised corporate social responsibility in an effort to appear respectable but once they began to attract advertising revenue away from RTÉ, they were raided or jammed. Political instability and ideological differences stymied the development of legislation to regulate the radio sector, with several failed radio bills in the 1980s.
Political influence in high places: Mike Hogan in the Q102 helicopter over Dublin in 1986 (pic Irish Times).
In this episode, listen to Brian Greene and John Walsh explore the politics and economics of the era with the help of extracts from our archive including news programmes, interviews, commercial breaks and advertising promos. This discussion is based on our article published in 2020 in the Journal of Radio and Audio Media.
We’re delighted to announce episode #3 of the Pirate.ie podcast which explores themes covered in our growing archive of Irish pirate radio.
The 1980s can be described as the decade that Ireland changed from black and white to colour and pirate radio was very much part of that social change. While many pushed for liberalisation, conservative forces opposed moves towards opening up Irish society and pirate radio reflected such tensions. Larger commercial stations were dominated by men’s voices while women and minority groups were better represented in specialist and community radio. Community radio itself developed a more inclusive model of participation and access and even large commercial stations practised corporate social responsibility from time to time. Religion also played a key role, with several pirates representing Catholic values which were still powerful in Irish society.
In episode #3, John Walsh and Brian Greene explore the social influence of pirate radio during its heyday.
Crowds at Herbert Street on the day of Radio Nova’s official closedown, 19 May 1983 (photo by Joe King).
In the final instalment of Part 3 of ‘The Irish Pirates’, Leon Tipler returns to Dublin. Volume 8 covers his visits to Sunshine and Radio Nova in September 1983 to get the views of the staff about the raids of the previous May which put both stations off the air temporarily. Tipler interviews Sybil Fennell, Chris Cary and Robbie Robinson and also features the iconic Nova closedown with Tony Allan at 6pm on the 19th of May 1983. He also recounts the horrified political reaction to Cary’s plans for Nova Television. This final episode ends with Tipler’s analysis of the political implications of the raids and changed attitudes to the pirates in their aftermath.
Equipment removed from Sunshine Radio, 19 May 1983, with RTÉ television crew filming (photo by Joe King).
This recording is from the Leon Tipler Tapes Collection, donated to us by Steve England. We will bring you more from this valuable collection over the coming weeks and months.
